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Building NumPy, SciPy & Matplotlib for Python 2.7 on Snow Leopard

A few days ago I wrote about how to build SciPy for Python 2.7 on Mac OS 10.6 Snow Leopard.

Usually you want to install NumPy, SciPy and Matplotlib. After reading Installing SciPy/Mac OS X, the Matplotlib installation instructions and the HJBlog you might come to the conclusion, that it’s not trivial to build them on your own and that you better use the 32bit binaries for Python 2.6 or get them via MacPorts.

But actually it’s really easy. The only dependencies that you need to install are Xcode (for gcc and X11) and gfortran.

To simplify the the installation, I wrote a small Makefile that downloads all packages (except for Xcode) and builds/installs them:

  1. Rename* the downloaded makefile to Makefile, open Terminal and cd to the diretory with the makefile.

  2. Download gfortran and start the graphical installer:

    $ make fortran
    
  3. Download and install NumPy, SciPy and Matplotlib:

    $ make
    
  4. Run NumPy’s and SciPy’s test suite and delete the temporary build diretory:

    $ make test clean
    

That’s how the makefile looks like:

# Download all packages to this directory.
TMP_DIR=./PYTMP

# Select Python version.
PYVERSION=2.7
PYTHON=python${PYVERSION}

# Package to download frm http://r.research.att.com/
FORTRANPACKAGE=gfortran-42-5664.pkg

# Select which versions of the packages you want to install.
NUMPYVERSION=1.5.0
SCIPYVERSION=0.8.0
MATPLOTLIBMAJORVERSION=1.0
MATPLOTLIBVERSION=${MATPLOTLIBMAJORVERSION}.0

# Normally, you shouldn’t need change this.
OSX_SDK_VER=10.6
ARCH_FLAGS=-arch i386 -arch x86_64

# Values for some environment variables. You shouldn’t need to change this.
MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${OSX_SDK_VER}
CFLAGS="${ARCH_FLAGS} -I/usr/X11/include -I/usr/X11/include/freetype2 -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX${OSX_SDK_VER}.sdk"
LDFLAGS="-Wall -undefined dynamic_lookup -bundle ${ARCH_FLAGS} -L/usr/X11/lib -syslibroot,/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX${OSX_SDK_VER}.sdk"
FFLAGS="${ARCH_FLAGS}"


default: all

# Create a temporary directory for the build process
_tmp_dir:
    mkdir -p ${TMP_DIR}

# Clean the the temporary build directory
clean:
    rm -rf ${TMP_DIR}

# Download gfortran and start the installer
fortran: _tmp_dir
    cd ${TMP_DIR} && \
    ${PYTHON} -c "import urllib; urllib.urlretrieve('http://r.research.att.com/${FORTRANPACKAGE}', '${FORTRANPACKAGE}')" && \
    open ${FORTRANPACKAGE}

# Download all required packages
fetch: _tmp_dir
    cd ${TMP_DIR} && \
    ${PYTHON} -c "import urllib; urllib.urlretrieve('http://sourceforge.net/projects/numpy/files/NumPy/${NUMPYVERSION}/numpy-${NUMPYVERSION}.tar.gz/download', 'numpy-${NUMPYVERSION}.tar.gz')" && \
    ${PYTHON} -c "import urllib; urllib.urlretrieve('http://sourceforge.net/projects/scipy/files/scipy/${SCIPYVERSION}/scipy-${SCIPYVERSION}.tar.gz/download', 'scipy-${SCIPYVERSION}.tar.gz')" && \
    ${PYTHON} -c "import urllib; urllib.urlretrieve('http://sourceforge.net/projects/matplotlib/files/matplotlib/matplotlib-${MATPLOTLIBMAJORVERSION}/matplotlib-${MATPLOTLIBVERSION}.tar.gz/download', 'matplotlib-${MATPLOTLIBVERSION}.tar.gz')"

# Extract, build and install NumPy
numpy:
    cd ${TMP_DIR} && \
    rm -rf numpy-${NUMPYVERSION} && \
    tar -xf numpy-${NUMPYVERSION}.tar.gz && \
    cd numpy-${NUMPYVERSION} && \
    export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET} && \
    export CFLAGS=${CFLAGS} && \
    export LDFLAGS=${LDFLAGS} && \
    export FFLAGS=${FFLAGS} && \
    ${PYTHON} setup.py build && \
    ${PYTHON} setup.py install && \
    cd .. && \
    ${PYTHON} -c "import numpy; print 'Installed NumPy', numpy.__version__"

# Extract, build and install SciPy
scipy:
    cd ${TMP_DIR} && \
    rm -rf scipy-${SCIPYVERSION} && \
    tar -xf scipy-${SCIPYVERSION}.tar.gz && \
    cd scipy-${SCIPYVERSION} && \
    export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET} && \
    export CFLAGS=${CFLAGS} && \
    export LDFLAGS=${LDFLAGS} && \
    export FFLAGS=${FFLAGS} && \
    ${PYTHON} setup.py build && \
    ${PYTHON} setup.py install && \
    cd .. && \
    ${PYTHON} -c "import scipy; print 'Installed SciPy', scipy.__version__"

# Extract, build and install Matplotlib
matplotlib:
    cd ${TMP_DIR} && \
    rm -rf matplotlib-${MATPLOTLIBVERSION} && \
    tar -xf matplotlib-${MATPLOTLIBVERSION}.tar.gz && \
    cd matplotlib-${MATPLOTLIBVERSION} && \
    export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET} && \
    export CFLAGS=${CFLAGS} && \
    export LDFLAGS=${LDFLAGS} && \
    ${PYTHON} setup.py build && \
    ${PYTHON} setup.py install && \
    cd .. && \
    ${PYTHON} -c "import matplotlib; print 'Installed Matplotlib', matplotlib.__version__"

# Fetch and build NumPy, SciPy and Matplotlib
all: fetch numpy scipy matplotlib
    echo "all done"

# Execute tests for NumPy and SciPy
test: _tmp_dir
    export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET} && \
    export CFLAGS=${CFLAGS} && \
    export LDFLAGS=${LDFLAGS} && \
    export FFLAGS=${FFLAGS} && \
    cd ${TMP_DIR} && \
    ${PYTHON} -c "import numpy; numpy.test('1', '10')" && \
    ${PYTHON} -c "import scipy; scipy.test('1', '10')"

I have only tested it on my local machine yet. Hope, it helps and you don’t run into any troubles.

* If you don’t rename the makefile, you must pass it’s name to make: make -f Makefile_nsm <target>.

Comment

  1. Martin on December 11, 2010 at 21:14:

    Thanks Stefan, your Makefile saved me a lot of time!

  2. Jeff on December 12, 2010 at 01:26:

    After following these instructions, I tried importing matplotlib and got the following: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/__init__.py:606: UserWarning: Bad val "MacOSX" on line #31

    Any ideas??

    Thanks!

  3. Stefan on December 12, 2010 at 12:15:

    No, unfortunately I haven’t had this error yet.

    If you solve this problem and post your solution here, I’ll update the post with it. :)

  4. Jeff on December 14, 2010 at 11:39:

    I still have no idea what is causing the problem, but I found that searching for all instances of "MacOSX" within the matplotlib installation in site-packages and replaces these with the name of a different GUI toolkit or backend such as "TkAgg" solved the issue.

    Anyway, thanks a million for this MakeFile... saved my friends and me hours of frustration!

  5. Soraya on December 19, 2010 at 19:25:

    HI Stefan,

    I was not able to run your Makefile. Instead I installed python2.7, gfortran-42-5664, scipy 0.9.0b1, and numpy1.5.1 using the installers.

    I then ran this part of your script: $ tar -xf matplotlib-1.0.0.tar $ cd matplotlib-1.0.0 $ export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.6 $ export CFLAGS="-arch i386 -arch x86_64 -I/usr/X11/include -I/usr/X11/include/freetype2 -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk" $ export LDFLAGS="-Wall -undefined dynamic_lookup -bundle -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -L/usr/X11/lib -syslibroot,/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk" $ python2.7 setup.py build $ python2.7 setup.py install

    Matplotlib was installed but when I try to use it from the IDLE, the figure window appears but python freezes and I have to force quit. Do you have any idea what could be wrong? Could there be some graphics incompatibility?

    thanks

  6. Stefan on December 21, 2010 at 12:26:

    Hi Soraya,

    unfortunately I have no idea. Why did the Makefile fail in the first place?

    Cheers, Stefan

  7. Soraya on December 21, 2010 at 23:16:

    Stefan, this is what I get when I try to run ($ make) Makefile:32: *** missing separator. Stop. rgds, Soraya

    System Message: WARNING/2 (<string>, line 1); backlink

    Inline strong start-string without end-string.
  8. Stefan on December 21, 2010 at 23:28:

    Oh, there might somewhere be 4 spaces instead of a tab. If you replace them, it should work.

  9. Soraya on December 22, 2010 at 23:39:

    Thanks a lot. That fixed the makefile. Yes, Matplotlib works when running python from the terminal. Sorry I did not try this before. I still wonder why the plots freeze when starting IDLE from applications. Should I have uninstalled python2.7 before running the makefile?

  10. Stefan on December 23, 2010 at 08:32:

    What kind of Python 2.7 do you have? I compiled it on my own für 32bit and 64bit, but without Tkinter. So I can’t test whether matplotlib works with idle or not.

  11. Soraya on December 23, 2010 at 11:27:

    I installed python from: http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7/python-2.7-macosx10.3.dmg, http://www.python.org/download/ So it comes with IDLE version 2.7 and Tk version 8.4. Could you please tell me how to compile it with Tkinter? thanks.

  12. Stefan on December 23, 2010 at 16:51:

    Just download the source tar ball and follow the instructions in the README or INSTALL file.

  13. Adriano on January 11, 2011 at 20:42:

    Hi Stefan followed your istructions but I get the following error "don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'posix'". I have a MacAir 2 running Mac Os X v 10.6.6, Xcode 3.2.5 and Python 2.7. Any help is greatly appreciated!

  14. Stefan on January 15, 2011 at 09:26:

    Hi Adriano,

    did you install Fortran correctly?

  15. salturki on January 22, 2011 at 13:46:

    Thank you very much, works like a charm. By the way, I needed 'sudo' before make otherwise it shows permission denied errors.

  16. Olena on January 30, 2011 at 05:29:

    I used this script after several hours of unsuccessful installing matplotlib. I was in despair already. Yous script did the job perfectly for me. Thank you so much. You did great work. I did not use sudo, it worked properly.

  17. Stefan on January 30, 2011 at 11:10:

    Nice to hear. :)

    Afaik, you only need sudo if you use Apple’s Python but not if you installed a package from python.org. But I‘m not really sure.

  18. Dan on February 10, 2011 at 05:38:

    Thanks Stefan!!

    I was able to install everything on my end, but I'm having difficulty importing some scipy packages. For example

    >from scipy.optimize import curve_fit

    gives

    ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scipy/optimize/minpack2.so, 2): Symbol not found: __gfortran_compare_string Referenced from: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scipy/optimize/minpack2.so Expected in: flat namespace in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/scipy/optimize/minpack2.so

    I'm not sure what the "Symbol not found: __gfortran_compare_string" means. Any ideas? Are you able to import curve_fit on your system? I get the same ImportError message when I try

    >from scipy.optimize import leastsq

    as well. Any insight you might have would greatly appreciated.

  19. Stefan on February 10, 2011 at 09:14:

    Hi Dan,

    the statement:

    from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
    

    works fine for me.

    The error looks like a compilation problem. Which version of gfortran do you have? I installed 4.2.1.

  20. Marco on February 15, 2011 at 00:30:

    Thanks so much! I was going crazy trying to install them separately..your makefile saved me from madness!

  21. Ricardo on March 8, 2011 at 22:06:

    Thanks a lot. I"ve been gone crazy for days

  22. TIm Hall on April 2, 2011 at 12:32:

    Hi, I'm not really too great with this stuff, when i execute the first step you indicated the terminal shows:

    mkdir -p ./PYTMP
    cd ./PYTMP && \
    python2.7 -c "import urllib; urllib.urlretrieve('http://r.research.att.com/gfortran-42-5664.pkg', 'gfortran-42-5664.pkg')" && \
    open gfortran-42-5664.pkg
    

    and sits there appearing to do nothing for some time. Is it downloading the package (without showing me progress details) or what.

    Any help would be great. Cheers

  23. Stefan on April 2, 2011 at 19:45:

    Yes, you’re right. There is no progress indicator for the downloads. If you have e.g. iStats (Pro or Menu), you can check there if something is currently being downloaded.

  24. I Need This To Work on April 13, 2011 at 00:23:

    When running make scipy, I get this error:

    compiling Fortran sources Fortran f77 compiler: /usr/local/bin/g77 -g -Wall -fno-second-underscore -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -O3 -funroll-loops creating build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-2.7 creating build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-2.7/scipy creating build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-2.7/scipy/fftpack creating build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-2.7/scipy/fftpack/src creating build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-2.7/scipy/fftpack/src/dfftpack compile options: '-I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -c' g77:f77: scipy/fftpack/src/dfftpack/dcosqb.f f771: error: unrecognized command line option "-arch" f771: error: unrecognized command line option "-arch" f771: error: unrecognized command line option "-arch" f771: error: unrecognized command line option "-arch" error: Command "/usr/local/bin/g77 -g -Wall -fno-second-underscore -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -O3 -funroll-loops -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -c -c scipy/fftpack/src/dfftpack/dcosqb.f -o build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-2.7/scipy/fftpack/src/dfftpack/dcosqb.o" failed with exit status 1 make: *** [scipy] Error 1

    System Message: WARNING/2 (<string>, line 3); backlink

    Inline strong start-string without end-string.

    I'm running OS X 10.6.6 on Macbook Pro. I have XCode 4 Installed

  25. I Need This To Work on April 13, 2011 at 02:44:

    I fixed Dan's issue by running "sudo python" instead of python.

  26. Stefan on April 13, 2011 at 13:26:

    Seems like you are using f77 instead of gfortran and that it doesn’t know the -arch option.

  27. Richard on May 22, 2011 at 12:32:

    Works great. Thanks!

  28. Gabriela on May 31, 2011 at 17:30:

    Hello, Strefan!

    I keep getting this error:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/__init__.py", line 128, in <module>
      from version import git_revision as __git_revision__
    ImportError: cannot import name git_revision
    

    Any ideas of what I could do? I am stumped! But I know I am so close!

  29. Stefan on May 31, 2011 at 22:02:

    http://lmgtfy.com/?q=numpy+import+git_revision

    First hit seems to be an answer to your question. ;-)

  30. Numan on June 25, 2011 at 23:09:

    I encountered the following error, when I ran the script. Any idea what this could be due to? Thank you!

    REQUIRED DEPENDENCIES
    numpy: 1.5.0

    System Message: WARNING/2 (<string>, line 5)

    Block quote ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
    freetype2: found, but unknown version (no pkg-config)
    • WARNING: Could not find 'freetype2' headers in any
    • of '.', './freetype2'.
    OPTIONAL BACKEND DEPENDENCIES
    libpng: found, but unknown version (no pkg-config)
    • Could not find 'libpng' headers in any of '.'
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "setup.py", line 162, in <module>
    if check_for_tk() or (options['build_tkagg'] is True):
    File "/Users/nlaanait/PYTMP/matplotlib-1.0.0/setupext.py", line 832, in check_for_tk
    (Tkinter.__version__.split()[-2], Tkinter.TkVersion, Tkinter.TclVersion))

    System Message: WARNING/2 (<string>, line 17)

    Definition list ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.

    IndexError: list index out of range make: *** [matplotlib] Error 1

    System Message: WARNING/2 (<string>, line 17); backlink

    Inline strong start-string without end-string.
  31. Beegee on July 8, 2011 at 17:17:

    Hi Stefan,

    I am having the same error as Gabriel had:

    Traceback (most recent call last):

    File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/__init__.py", line 128, in <module>
      from version import git_revision as __git_revision__
    ImportError: cannot import name git_revision
    make: *** [numpy] Error 1
    

    Can you please help. I went through the link that you provided for this issue, but could not understand. Any help is highly appreciated. Thank you

  32. Bala on July 8, 2011 at 19:21:

    I have the same error as Mr.Numan, can you please help. It is very important that I run Matplotlib on my m/c. Thank you for your attention.

    Regards, Bala

  33. Bala on July 8, 2011 at 22:27:

    Hi Stefan,

    I was able to fix the error Numan and I had. I had to modify the setupext.py file (https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/commit/9bcca387b9337) and then change your makefile by removing the download links, so that the setupext.py is not overwritten. Thank you for makefile ...it worked well and now I am able to use matplotlib on my mac !

    Thank you so much once again :)

  34. Stefan on July 10, 2011 at 17:25:

    Hi,

    that’s nice to hear. I’ll update this posting if I also run into any problems next time I try to update one of these packages.

    Cheers, Stefan

  35. Sean Garrett-Roe on July 12, 2011 at 14:28:

    Stefan, thanks. @Bala thanks for the tip on matplotlib that worked for me.

    make test failed to execute until I also installed easy_install-2.7 (http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools#files) and used it to install nose ([ ]$ easy_install-2.7 nose ).

    Now the tests are running...

  36. Daniel on July 15, 2011 at 22:52:

    Swig failure?

    Been having a hell of a time getting scipy/numpy/matplotlib playing nicely with Python2.7 on OSX 10.6. I came across your script and gave it a shot, but I've been getting the following error:

    `` swig -python -o build/src.macosx-10.6-intel-2.7/scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/_umfpack_wrap.c -outdir build/src.macosx-10.6-intel-2.7/scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:192: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:193: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_solve.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:194: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_defaults.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:195: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_triplet_to_col.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:196: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_col_to_triplet.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:197: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_transpose.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:198: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_scale.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:200: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_report_symbolic.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:201: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_report_numeric.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:202: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_report_info.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:203: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_report_control.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:215: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_symbolic.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:216: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_numeric.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:225: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_free_symbolic.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:226: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_free_numeric.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:248: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_get_lunz.h' scipy/sparse/linalg/dsolve/umfpack/umfpack.i:272: Error: Unable to find 'umfpack_get_numeric.h' ``

    Any ideas?
  37. Kit on March 2, 2012 at 23:38:

    Hey. I'm having the same issue as Gabriela and Beegee. While lmgtfy is cute, changing the code in numpy/setup.py to the code in the first link: https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/master/setup.py hasn't helped me so far.

  38. Rivka on March 26, 2012 at 09:25:

    Hi Stefan,

    The installation seemed to work fine - but when I ran the 'make test clean/ I fail with: 'test_continuous_basic.test_cont_basic_slow(<scipy.stats.distributions.recipinvgauss_gen object at 0x3afe9b0>, (0.6300426780936912,), array(2.587194066017139), array(3.5871940659111603), 'recipinvgauss') ... /bin/sh: line 1: 36124 Killed python2.7 -c "import scipy; scipy.test('1', '10')" make: *** [test] Error 137'

    System Message: WARNING/2 (<string>, line 3); backlink

    Inline strong start-string without end-string.

    any suggestions?

    Thanks.

  39. Stefan on March 26, 2012 at 10:49:

    Unfotunately not. It seems like the tests don't pass, but I cannot say why. May its a known bug?

  40. BM on August 28, 2012 at 21:09:

    Hi,

    While building matplotlib-v1.1.1 via the following command line:

    python2.7 setup.py build

    The following error message is displayed:

    agg24/include/agg_rasterizer_scanline_aa.h:191: warning: ‘y’ may be used uninitialized in this function src/image.cpp:569: error: insn does not satisfy its constraints: (insn 6747 1266 1267 139 agg24/include/agg_color_rgba.h:268 (set (mem:QI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 6 bp)

    System Message: ERROR/3 (<string>, line 12)

    Unexpected indentation.
    (const_int -1768 [0xfffffffffffff918])) [0 SR.4381+0 S1 A8])

    System Message: WARNING/2 (<string>, line 13)

    Block quote ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.

    (reg:QI 4 si)) 56 {*movqi_1} (nil)

    System Message: WARNING/2 (<string>, line 13); backlink

    Inline emphasis start-string without end-string.

    System Message: WARNING/2 (<string>, line 14)

    Block quote ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.

    (nil))

    System Message: WARNING/2 (<string>, line 15)

    Block quote ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.

    src/image.cpp:569: internal compiler error: in reload_cse_simplify_operands, at postreload.c:391

    Could you help me understand what this erro message means ?

    Thenks

  41. Stefan on August 29, 2012 at 08:17:

    Hi, unfortunately not. Which version of OS X are you using?

  42. BM on August 29, 2012 at 21:54:

    Hi Stefan,

    Thanks for your reply. I'm currently using Mac OSX 10.5.8

    Is there other ways to install Matplotlib ? May be the previous version ?

  43. BM on August 30, 2012 at 01:29:

    Hi,

    I am able to build and install matplotlib v1.1.1 by following the instructions and using the modified "make.osx" from the following site:

    http://bioinformatics.anu.edu.au/groups/huttleylab/wiki/da9fe/Building_matplotlib_for_Snow_Leopard.html

    Thanks.

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